Ovarian cysts are small, fluid-filled bags that form on or inside the ovaries. Many women will have an ovarian cyst at some point in their lives, and in most cases, they are harmless and go away on their own. However, some cysts can cause discomfort and may need medical attention. Understanding the symptoms and knowing when to see a doctor is important for your health.

What Are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are common, especially in women who can have children. They often form during ovulation when an egg is released. Most cysts are small, painless, and disappear without treatment. However, some can grow larger, rupture, or cause complications.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms, but when they do, the following signs may appear:

1. Pelvic Pain – A dull or sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen is one of the most common symptoms. The pain may come and go or persist for a longer time.
2. Bloating or Swelling – Some cysts can cause your abdomen to feel swollen or full.
3. Changes in Menstrual Cycle – Irregular periods, heavy bleeding, or lighter-than-normal periods may indicate the presence of a cyst.
4. Pain During Intercourse – Some women may feel pain during or after sexual intercourse, especially if the cyst is large.
5. Frequent Urination – A cyst pressing on the bladder can make you feel the need to urinate more often.
6. Difficulty Emptying the Bladder or Bowels – Some cysts put pressure on surrounding organs, making it hard to urinate or pass stool.
7. Nausea or Vomiting – Large cysts, especially those that twist (ovarian torsion), can cause nausea and vomiting.

When To See A Doctor

Most ovarian cysts do not require treatment, but it is important to see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Severe or sudden pelvic pain – This could be a sign of a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, which requires immediate medical attention.
• Heavy bleeding between periods – If you have abnormal vaginal bleeding, it is best to get checked.
• Fever and dizziness – A ruptured cyst can sometimes lead to infection, which may cause fever, chills, and weakness.
• Pain that does not go away – Persistent pain in the lower abdomen should not be ignored.
• Rapid breathing and fainting – These could be signs of internal bleeding, which is a medical emergency.

How Are Ovarian Cysts Diagnosed?

If you have symptoms, your doctor may recommend the following tests:

• Pelvic Exam – A physical examination to check for abnormalities.
• Ultrasound – A scan to see the size, shape, and type of cyst.
• Blood Tests – To check hormone levels and rule out serious conditions like ovarian cancer.
• Laparoscopy – A minor surgical procedure to look inside the abdomen if the cyst needs further evaluation.

Treatment Options For Ovarian Cysts

Treatment depends on the size and type of the cyst. Options include:

• Watchful Waiting – If the cyst is small and not causing symptoms, doctors may monitor it over time.
• Medication – Birth control pills may be recommended to prevent future cysts.
• Surgery – If a cyst is large, causing severe pain, or suspected to be cancerous, surgical removal may be necessary.

Ovarian cysts are common and often harmless, but they can sometimes cause pain and other symptoms. If you experience persistent discomfort, changes in your menstrual cycle, or severe pain, it is important to see a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and ensure your well-being.
Dr. Preeti Tandon, can provide expert advice and care for ovarian cysts. If you have concerns, do not hesitate to seek medical help.